WebApr 12, 2024 · Plant pathogens are constantly evolving and adapting to their environment, including their host. Virulence alleles emerge, and then increase, and sometimes decrease in frequency within pathogen populations in response to the fluctuating selection pressures imposed by the deployment of resistance genes. In some cases, these strong … WebMay 19, 2024 · Classic examples of strongly fluctuating selection on other traits in other systems have also been linked to extreme environmental variation. For example, drought-induced changes in food supply changed the direction of selection on beak morphology in Darwin's finches . Seasonal migration versus residence is a good candidate trait for such ...

Joint effects of density dependence and rainfall on abundance of …

WebApr 27, 2011 · By contrast, fluctuating selection on individual host and parasite genotypes was maintained over time, becoming increasingly important for the phenotypic properties of parasite and host populations. Given that costs of generalism are reported for many other systems, arms races may generally give way to fluctuating selection in antagonistically ... WebLowering the frequency of fluctuations makes selection more directional, and so heterozygosity declines. We also show that fluctuating selection raises dn / ds ratios for polymorphism, not only by sweeping selected alleles into the population, but also by purging the neutral variants of selected alleles as they undergo repeated bottlenecks. mysql or microsoft sql

Interactions between bacterial and phage communities in ... - Nature

WebMar 1, 2024 · Fluctuating selection must be strong to maintain a balanced polymorphism. The symmetric fluctuating selection model needs s > 2 / N and the random selection model needs σ α 1 − ρ α > 1 / N ⁠. Although the intensity of selection declines as the square root of the population size, we still need s > 0.0014 or σ α 1 − ρ α > 0.001 in a ... WebDue to the particularity of the site selection of hydropower stations, the canyon wind with large fluctuations often occurs during the construction of the hydropower station, which will seriously affect the safety of construction personnel. Especially in the early stage of the construction of the hydropower station, the historical data and information on the canyon … WebNov 26, 2014 · We compare and contrast how fluctuating selection affects the stable rates of these three evolutionary forces and highlight surprising similarities in their evolution under fluctuating selection. This study offers insights into the role of environmental duration, shape, and randomness in predicting the long-term evolutionary advantage of ... mysql optimizer_switch